(Hayd) means to flow. From the age of nine, after completing eight years, the blood that flows from a healthy girl’s or woman’s body continuously for at least three days, i.e., seventy-two moderate hours, is called hayd. It is also called (Valid Blood).
If there is no bleeding for fifteen or more consecutive days after the hayd period, and there are hayd days before and after, these clean days are referred to as (Valid Cleanliness).
If there is irregular blood (istihaza) within fifteen or more clean days, all these days are referred to as (Ritual Cleanliness) or (Irregular Cleanliness).
Days without bleeding during the hayd period are also referred to as (Irregular Cleanliness).
Valid cleanliness and ritual cleanliness are referred to as (Complete Cleanliness).
If bleeding appears before and after a period of complete cleanliness lasting three days, it is considered two separate hayd cycles.
Hayd blood can be any color other than white and can also appear cloudy. When a girl begins experiencing hayd, she is considered (baligha) or an adult woman.
A girl who has not experienced hayd is considered baligha upon reaching the age of fifteen according to (Durr-i Yekta) commentary.
The days from the appearance to the end of hayd bleeding are referred to as the (Hayd Period).
The hayd period can be a maximum of ten days and a minimum of three days.
In Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, the maximum is fifteen days, and the minimum is one day. In Maliki, the maximum is also fifteen days, but the first bleeding is considered hayd.
If a woman in the Hanafi madhhab who emulates the Maliki or Shafi'i madhhab has a period longer than ten days, she makes up her missed prayers after purification.
(Nifas) refers to postpartum bleeding. Bleeding that follows the miscarriage of a fetus with recognizable limbs is also nifas.
There is no minimum duration for nifas. When the bleeding stops, she performs the ghusl and starts praying. However, intercourse is not permitted until her nifas period ends.
The maximum nifas period is forty days. After forty days, even if bleeding continues, she performs the ghusl and starts praying.
Bleeding after forty days is considered irregular bleeding.
Book : Seâdet-i Ebediyye Endless Bliss, Hakikat Kitabevi, Istanbul.